Simple Method Research Articles

Determination of Sulfites in Dried Fruits by Paper Spray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Sulfite, a widely used food additive, is subject to regulated labeling. The extraction of sulfite as the stable hydroxymethylsulfonate (HMS) form and its quantitative analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has been recognized for their good sensitivity, selectivity, and versatility across various food materials. This study aimed to develop a cost-effective and simpler method for sulfite quantitation, while maintaining the superior sensitivity and selectivity of mass spectrometry (MS). To achieve this, we introduced paper spray ionization (PSI), an ambient desorption ionization technique that could achieve the direct measurement of analytes without employing separation. We also employed a novel internal standard (IS) structurally similar to the analyte, replacing the more expensive isotopically labeled IS. Although the PSI-MS/MS method developed in this study exhibited slightly lower analytical performance compared to the conventional LC-MS/MS, it remained effective for sulfite analysis in dried fruits.

A Simplified Design Method for the Mechanical Stability of Slit-Shaped Additively Manufactured Reactor Modules

Equipment integrity is an essential aspect of process engineering. Design guidelines facilitate the design and production of safe-to-operate and economic devices. Thin-walled, slit-shaped modules form a subgroup of process engineering devices made via additive manufacturing (AM). Being subject to internal pressure, they have lacked design guidelines until now. We derived a user-centered calculation model for such modules with regular internal structures. It was validated with Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and practical pressure tests for which the modules were manufactured additively. The performance of the calculation could be confirmed, and a design graph was derived. Slit-shaped modules with appropriate internal structures can withstand high pressure at a minimum wall thickness, and they are efficiently fabricated. These structures, being pins, fins, lattice, or heat transfer enhancing fluid-guiding elements (FGEs), occupied approximately 10% of the modules’ internal volume.

Unraveling the intricate fouling behaviors of landfill leachate components during membrane distillation concentration toward zero liquid discharge

Membrane distillation (MD) holds promise for cost-effectively concentrating wastewater toward zero liquid discharge (ZLD), while membrane fouling problems still hinder its practical application, especially for high-strength wastewater containing complex constituents. This study investigated the effects of different foulant components in actual landfill leachate (LFL) on MD deep concentration performances. The fouling behaviors of LFL components were revealed by comprehensively characterizing and analyzing the physicochemical properties of the fouling layers and membrane-foulant interactions. Results illustrated that suspended solids (SS) and macromolecular organics (MO) played significant yet distinct roles in fouling layer formation. SS (>0.45 μm, ∼24 % TOC) possessed strong adhesion energies with membrane surfaces and constructed the main skeleton of the fouling layer at the preliminary concentration stage; while MO (>20 kDa, 0.36 % TOC) deposition resulted in a densely packed fouling layer, influencing the salt crystallization potential and interfering with water and ammonia transport. In contrast, the low-molecular organics with the highest content (<20 kDa, ∼75 % TOC) were mainly electron-donor monopolar substances weakly adsorbed on the nonpolar membrane surface. Removing SS and MO from LFL notably prevented fouling layer formation and maintained high membrane efficacies (water flux decline mitigated from ∼50 % to ∼15 % and ammonia rejection increased from 71 % to 88 %), even as water recovery increased to 95 %. The findings of this work imply conventional anti-fouling strategies (e.g., complete removal or degradation of organic components) may have gone beyond what is necessary, and will inspire the development of simpler and greener methods to maintain membrane efficacy during high-strength wastewater treatment toward ZLD.

A Simplified Method for Determining Fire Resistance of RC Columns Using Fire-Resistance-Column-Curves Approach

AbstractEurocode-2 (EC2) empirical equation for fire resistance of RC columns is very sensitive to the value of column capacity at normal temperature conditions $$N_{Rd}$$ N Rd . Techniques to determine $$N_{Rd}$$ N Rd accurately for eccentric slender columns are difficult and computationally demanding; thus, adopting simplifications leads to unsatisfactory results in many column cases. Another shortcoming of EC2 equation is that it does not include an explicit term regarding the effect of load eccentricity on fire resistance. In this paper, a simplified method, as an attempt to overcome EC2 method defects, is developed to determine the fire resistance of RC columns using fire-resistance-column-curves. A rational numerical model is used to analyze various series of RC columns with different geometric, material, and loading properties at elevated temperatures. The results of the numerical study are utilized to construct different fire-resistance-column-curves from which simplified design equations are developed to predict the fire resistance of fixed- and pinned-end RC columns. The validity of the method is established with the aid of experimental data and it was found that in most cases, there is good agreement between assessed and test columns. It was also found that the proposed equations provide sufficiently safe predictions when appropriate material safety factors are adopted. The applicability of the proposed method to fire resistance design of RC columns is illustrated through numerical examples.

Порівняльна оцінка собівартостей відпуску електроенергії з різних джерел в базовому та регулювальному режимах

The paper analyses the role and the technical and economic indicators of different electricity generation sources in the transition to "carbon-free" energy. A simplified method is proposed for estimating the minimally justified price of selling electricity from thermal power plants (TPPs), renewable energy sources (RES) and new maneuverable natural gas capacities is proposed. It is shown that the price of electricity from RES and new maneuverable capacity has a decisive influence on the amount and fixed period of return on investment in construction, as well as on the capacity utilization factor (CUF), which depends on the mode of operation of the power plants. Comparative estimates of the CUF of different electricity generation sources are presented. It has been shown that the cost of electricity from RES, new peak and maneuverable capacity is significantly higher than the cost of electricity from thermal power plants during the payback period. It is proved that at present the reserve for the reduction of the power shortage and the load regulation is available only in the thermal generation, and the conditions for the possibility of its effective use are the maintenance of the proper technical condition of the pulverized coal boiler units and the sufficient fuel base. To ensure acceptable electricity prices, RES and new control capacity should be phased in, using existing TPPs and CHPs to balance both the weighted average price and the regulation of power system load modes. Keywords: thermal power plants, coal, natural gas, gas turbine, steam-gas, gas-piston power plants, renewable energy sources, cost of electricity supply.

A market driven identification of current and emerging skills requiring an MBA degree: a topic modelling approach

ABSTRACT The emerging field of Labour Market Intelligence focuses on extracting real-time information for professional skills. Online job posting websites provide unique opportunities to gather such intelligence, useful for job seekers and academic administrators in charge of preparing the future labour force. We propose a probabilistic topic modelling approach, incorporating occupational ontologies, to extract skillsets required for jobs needing a Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree. Analysing LinkedIn job postings in Pennsylvania, USA, we identified 28 job functions and associated skillsets confirming known demands and revealing new ones not yet identified in government and private labour market reports. By aggregating these skills, we can align MBA curricula with market needs, offering a superior alternative to conventional surveys. Our results are comparable with other popular neural models. Our approach provides improved computational efficiency with simpler methods Additionally, this methodology can be applied globally in other fields with existing occupational ontologies.

Regional noise source location based on the time delays between station pairs from ambient noise interferometry

Identifying the location of a potential noise source assists in understanding the characteristics of the seismic or volcanic activity and provides valuable information for hazard assessment. Unlike the conventional waveform-based techniques that rebuild the source energy into the possible source region, we apply a simplified method to determine the absolute location of the noise source based on the station-pair time-delays from ambient noise interferometry. Synthetic tests demonstrate the robustness of the method and the locating precision is mainly influenced by the signal-to-noise ratio of the synthetic waveforms, and the higher frequency bandwidth source signals are more likely to result in accurate detection of the source. An application at the Central Tien Shan indicates that our method is capable of locating the known virtual source from the empirical Green’s functions. Furthermore, assuming a surface wave velocity, the depth of the source can be generally recovered from ambient noise interferometry in a simplified 3-D homogeneous model. The new method sheds light on applications of ambient noise interferometry for locating potential sources, making it suitable for detecting time-dependent behavior.

Temperature dependent interfacial-coupling and magnetization reversal of La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 film with inverted hysteresis features

Abstract Temperature-dependent magnetic anisotropy and interfacial coupling of La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 (LSMO) epitaxial films with inverted hysteresis (IHLs) features are investigated using a broadband ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectrometer. Through the dispersion relation obtained along [100], [110] and [010] axes, a simplified method is proposed to investigation in-plane magnetic anisotropy by broadband FMR in a cryostat. According to this method, the perpendicular uniaxial anisotropy, magneto-crystalline anisotropy, and interfacial coupling between the LSMO film and hard-magnetic interface layer are investigated as a whole. The measured value of interfacial coupling is −17.6 Oe at 300 K, close to the bias field found in minor loop, i.e., −18.4 Oe. The interfacial coupling is enhanced with the dropping of temperatures, and the value of interfacial coupling changed to −112 Oe at 10 K. A Stoner-Wohlfarth-like model is employed to calculate the hysteresis loops of the films based on the measured values of in-plane magnetic anisotropy and interfacial-coupling. The calculation reveals the mechanism of magnetization reversal and the origin of IHLs found in LSMO films.

Comparison of two methods: Clipping and suturing in laparoscopic appendectomy

ObjectiveClosure of the appendix stump after appendectomy is considered one of the most important parts of laparoscopic appendectomy. Various techniques are used during this surgery, commonly including endoclips and ligatures. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare endoclips with intra-corporeal ligatures in closing the appendix stump during laparoscopic appendectomy. MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted using data from 50 patients with acute appendicitis who underwent uncomplicated laparoscopic appendectomy. The data from patients whose stumps were closed using endoclips in 25 patients (Group I) and with intra-corporeal ligatures in 25 patients (Group II) were extracted and compared regarding the occurrence of intraoperative and postoperative complications. ResultsThere were no differences between the two methods in terms of intraoperative and postoperative complications. The duration of surgery in the ligature group was significantly longer than in the clip group (p = 0.044). The hospital stay duration was clinically longer in the ligature group, but this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). ConclusionEndoclips for closing the appendix stump are safer with a shorter operating time and also a simpler method. Therefore, they could be a reliable alternative to the method of closing the appendix stump with ligatures.

Bleed air CFD modelling in aerodynamic simulation of A heavy duty gas turbine compressor

This study investigates the effects of different bleed air CFD modelling methods on the aerodynamic simulation of a heavy-duty gas turbine multistage compressor with bleed airflow. Two methods, the local source term method and the simplified bleed off-take geometry method, are compared. The results reveal that while overall compressor performance shows minimal variation between the methods, significant differences are observed near the blade tip region. The bleed source term method predicts a more uniform flow field in the bleed cavity, leading to a larger surge margin for the compressor. Therefore, in the analysis of multistage compressors, it is advisable to adopt simplified geometric modeling method for simulating bleed air extraction. Moreover, when utilizing this approach, careful consideration should be given to the choice of the slot inclination angle. This design parameter presents a crucial trade-off between losses within the exhaust structure and those arising from the entry of mainstream flow into the exhaust slot cavity.

Application of the fast 3D simplified simulation method for the large CAP1400 nuclear island evaporator based on the coupled source term method

As for the evaporator of the large CAP1400 nuclear power plant, it has a large volume with numerous tubes along with the complex flow heat transfer phenomenon. The traditional direct simulation method usually takes a lot of time and computing resources to obtain the flow heat transfer data. To solve the problem, a fast simulation method established on the porous medium source term was herein proposed. In this simplified simulation method, the complex evaporator model is replaced with the porous medium model, where the derived heat and momentum source terms are added into the governing equation to control the heat flows. Five kinds of simplified evaporator models with different numbers of pipes were set to be the research objects, the internal flows inside the evaporator were studied with the traditional direct simulation method and the newly proposed simplified simulation method. Via comparative analysis, it can be found that: 1) The newly proposed simplified simulation method accurately captures the distribution characteristics of pressure, temperature, and entropy production in the evaporator, serving as a viable alternative to traditional direct simulation methods. Specifically, the average simulation errors for inlet-outlet pressure difference and temperature difference are both less than 5 % and 7 %, respectively. 2) The newly proposed simplified simulation method can capture the mutual interference effects between the evaporator and the nuclear main pump. When the evaporator is connected in series with the main nuclear pump, the average head of the main pump increases by 0.34 m, while the efficiency decreases by an average of 0.34 %. The average simulation errors of the simplified simulation method are 0.06 m and 0.13 %, respectively. 3) The application of the simplified simulation method leads to a significant 85 % decrease in the average computational cost for evaporator calculations and a notable 36 % decrease for combined calculations of the evaporator and main pump. The study here is expected to provide technique support for the simulation and evaluation of the large nuclear island.

A Comparative Study on Load Assessment Methods for Offshore Wind Turbines Using a Simplified Method and OpenFAST Simulations

Simplified methods are often used for load estimations during the initial design of the foundations of offshore wind turbines (OWTs). However, the reliability of simplified methods for designing different OWTs needs to be studied. This paper provides a comparative study to evaluate the reliability of simplified approaches. The foundation loads are calculated for OWTs at the mudline level using a simplified approach and OpenFAST simulations and compared. Three OWTs, NREL 5 MW, DTU 10 MW, and IEA 15 MW, are used as reference models. An Extreme Turbulence Model wind load at a rated wind speed, combined with a 50-year Extreme Wave Height (EWH) and Extreme Operating Gust (EOG) wind load and a 1-year maximum wave height are used as the load combinations in this study. In addition, the extreme loads are calculated using both approaches for various metocean data from five different wind farms. Further, the pile penetration lengths calculated using the mudline loads via two methods are compared. The results show that the simplified method provides conservative results for the estimated loads compared to the OpenFAST results, where the extent of conservativism is studied. For example, the bending moment and shear force at the mudline using the simplified approach are 23% to 69% and 32% to 53% higher compared to the OpenFAST results, respectively. In addition, the results show that the simplified approach can be effectively used during the initial phases of monopile foundation design by using factors such as 1.5 and 2 for the shear force and bending moment, respectively.

Abstract PO3-22-10: 3D-CT mapping with a photo-translucent application using iPad delineates tumor lesions on patient breast skin in breast-conserving surgery: Preliminary results

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of a 3D-CT mapping technique with a photo-translucent application using an iPad for tumor localization on the patient's breast skin in breast-conserving surgery (BCS). We also compared the accuracy of tumor localization between conventional methods and 3D-CT mapping. Methods: Between February and July 2023, 20 female patients with early-stage (0 to 2) breast cancer scheduled for BCS were enrolled in this study. Preoperative enhanced CT scans were performed, and a 3D-CT image was generated by incorporating the patient's skin and manually marking the contrast-enhanced lesion using SYNAPSE VINCENT software. The 3D-CT images, adjusted to individual rotation angles to match the horizontal skin position above the tumor, were imported into an iPad equipped with a photo-translucent application. Using a securely fixed iPad holder, the translucent image was superimposed on the patient's breast, and the enhanced lesion was marked on the skin using a blue pen. Conventional tumor marking was performed based on ultrasound imaging, CT, and MRI findings using a black pen. Photographs were taken to simulate BCS based on the 3D-CT blue marking. All patients underwent BCS with resection margins of 1.5-2 cm from the black marking, and intraoperative frozen section analysis was performed to assess the resection margins. Results: The majority of patients had hormone receptor-positive breast cancers, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy was administered in three patients (Table 1). The extent of tumor involvement assessed by pathological assessment and imaging findings showed the least discrepancy with MRI, with an average error of 4.2 mm. MRI also had the lowest rate of missed tumor detection compared to other imaging modalities. The initial positive margin rate was 20%, and the simulation conducted in this study did not alter that value. Furthermore, the simulation demonstrated more effective excision of the tumor's center compared to conventional surgical methods (Table 2). Conclusion: The use of 3D-CT mapping with a photo-translucent application on an iPad offers a promising approach for accurate tumor localization in BCS. This technique provides a simplified and efficient method, and it can also be applied to cases where lesions have completely disappeared after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. XX- XX XX- XX Citation Format: Gou Watanabe, Akihiko Suzuki. 3D-CT mapping with a photo-translucent application using iPad delineates tumor lesions on patient breast skin in breast-conserving surgery: Preliminary results [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO3-22-10.

Simplified Coupled Calculation Method for Aeroelasticity of Large Flexible Aircraft

Large flexible aircraft have the characteristics of large wingspan, low wing load, slow flight speed, and significant impact from gust loads. Therefore, the load and response issues of such aircraft have received widespread attention from scholars at home and abroad. This article establishes a simplified coupled calculation method for gust loads on large flexible aircraft, achieving coupled calculations of flight motion, structural deformation, and aerodynamic changes at different time steps. Due to the simple strip method used for aerodynamic modeling, this method is relatively fast compared to the CFD-CSD calculation method. In order to verify the accuracy of the method, the calculation results were compared with those of the standard calculation method. The comparative calculation results show that the simplified coupling calculation method is relatively accurate for this calculation example and can play an important role in engineering experiments with low requirements for calculation results.

TRM strengthening as effective prevention against premature failure of masonry walls

Masonry structures are very prone to cracking and premature failure in the presence of shear loading. Therefore, effective prevention of their premature damage is needed. This paper presents laboratory tests of small models made of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) blocks, which were externally reinforced using two different strengthening sets consisting of mortar and mesh, and subjected to diagonal compression. The experiments used a commercialised system designed for the strengthening of typical masonry substrates (brick, stone) and a low-cost and lowstrength mesh and mortar set used as part of a system for insulating buildings. The analyses presented are of a comparative nature and describe changes in the behaviour of the models depending on the strengthening set used. The application of full-surface strengthening clearly changed the behaviour of AAC walls from brittle one to the ‘pseudo-ductile’ one observed after the appearance of the first cracks. In all strengthened models, a significant increase in the load capacity (from 3% to 62%) and a post-peak phase were reported. An interesting finding was the high efficiency of nonstructural materials (plastering system), comparable to the effects of the use of commercialised system solutions. This strengthening can be successfully considered as an effective preventive action. Finally, a simplified method is provided to calculate the contribution of the strengthening to the load bearing capacity of the strengthened models. The method defines the effect of the mesh and the mortar independently, based only on the basic material properties of these two components.

Machine learning for non-experts: A more accessible and simpler approach to automatic benthic habitat classification

Automating identification of benthic habitats from imagery, with Machine Learning (ML), is necessary to contribute efficiently and effectively to marine spatial planning. A promising method is to adapt pre-trained general convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to a new classification task (transfer learning). However, this is often inaccessible to a non-specialist, requiring large investments in computational resources and time (for user comprehension and model training). In this paper, we demonstrate a simpler transfer learning framework for classifying broad deep-sea benthic habitats. Specifically, we take an ‘off-the-shelf’ CNN (VGG16) and use it to extract features (pixel patterns) from benthic images (without further training). The default outputs of VGG16 are then fed in to a Support Vector Machine (SVM), a classical and simpler method than deep networks. For comparison, we also train the remaining classification layers of VGG16 using stochastic gradient descent. The discriminative power of these approaches is demonstrated on three benthic datasets (574–8353 images) from Norwegian waters; each using a unique imaging platform. Benthic habitats are broadly classified as Soft Substrate (sands, muds), Hard Substrate (gravels, cobbles and boulders) and Reef (Desmophyllum pertusum). We found that the relatively simplicity of the SVM classifier did not compromise performance. Results were competitive with the CNN classifier and consistently high, with test accuracy ranging from 0.87 to 0.95 (average = 0.9 (±0.04)) across datasets, somewhat increasing with dataset size. Impressively, these results were achieved 2.4–5× faster than CNN training and had significantly less dependency on high-specification hardware. Our suggested approach maximises conceptual and practical simplicity, representing a realistic baseline for novice users when approaching benthic habitat classification. This method has wide potential. It allows automated image grouping to aid annotation or further model selection, as well as screening of old-datasets. It is especially suited to offshore scenarios as it can provide quick, albeit crude, insights into habitat presence, allowing adaptation of sampling protocols in near real-time.

Research Progress in the Detection of Aflatoxin B1 Based on Aptamers

Abstract: Aflatoxin B1 is highly toxic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic and is a class I carcinogen. Peanuts, cotton, and corn may be affected by AFB1 during cultivation, which can seriously jeopardize human health. Developing a simple, sensitive, and selective method for detecting AFB1 is imminent. Aptamers are obtained through in vitro screening of ligands by single-stranded oligonucleotides (DNA or RNA) through exponential enrichment (SELEX) technology. As emerging highly selective recognition molecules, they have the advantages of strong affinity, good stability, and strong specificity. Because it does not have the function of signal conversion, it cannot produce physicochemical signals that can be detected in the process of specific binding with target molecules, so it is necessary to convert the process of specific binding of aptamers to target molecules into a process of easily detectable physicochemical signal changes. According to different conversion methods, aptamer biosensors are divided into electrochemical aptamer sensors, fluorescent aptamer sensors, colorimetric aptamer sensors, surface Raman-enhanced aptamer sensors, and so on. Herein, the recent progress and application of aflatoxin B1 detection by nucleic acid aptamer biosensors based on the above signals are reviewed, and the future development prospects and challenges of this kind of biosensor are summarized.

Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalate esters, alkylphenols and alkyphenol ethoxylates in sediment using simultaneous focused ultrasound solid–liquid extraction and dispersive solid-phase extraction clean-up followed by liquid chromatography

The study presents a simple and non-laborious method for the determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 2 phthalate esters (PEs), 2 alkylphenols (APs) and 4 alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs) in sediment. The method employs sample preparation combining focused ultrasound solid–liquid extraction (FUSLE) and in situ clean-up followed by liquid chromatography with fluorescence and ultraviolet detection. Extraction of 0.5 g sediment samples with 7 mL acetone in the presence of activated silica (0.5 g) and powdered copper (0.2 g) using an ultrasonic probe for 1 min resulted in recoveries of target analytes ≥ 78 %. The analytical method was classified as “acceptable green analysis” by the analytical Eco-Scale assessment (AESA) and scored 0.54 in the AGREEprep greenness assessment for sample preparation. Matrix-matched calibration was used to quantify analytes with a linear range for PAHs 2–1000 ng g–1, for PEs 100–5000 ng g–1 and for APs and APEOs 40–2000 ng g–1 dry weight. The reached limits of quantification (LOQ) for PAHs ranged from 1.1 to 3.1 ng g−1, for PEs from 122 to 124 ng g−1, for APs from 40 to 51 ng g−1 and for APEOs from 36 to 53 ng g−1. The applicability of the method was demonstrated by the analysis of real sediment samples and natural matrix certified reference material.

Shadow Detection in Remote Sensing Images Based on Spectral Radiance Separability Enhancement.

Shadow detection is a basic task of remote sensing image analysis, but it is often seriously disturbed by vegetation, water bodies, and black objects. It is observed that vegetation and dark objects often show a dark look in visible bands but brighter in the near-infrared (NIR), and is also noticed that the reflection of inland water bodies in the green band is stronger than that in the blue band. Taking advantage of these physical properties and combining them with the bluish and dark appearance of shadows, we propose a simple but effective shadow detection method for multispectral remote sensing images. These physical properties are used to create transformation models that suppress features such as vegetation, water bodies, etc., but at the same time enhance shadows. Then, we transform the shadow representation into a color space to generate candidate shadows using dominant color components. To separate shadows from the others, we propose two indexes, the normalized Color Difference Composite Index (CDCI) and Color Purity Index (CPI), and fuse them to achieve shadows and their confidence. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method can effectively detect the shadows in multispectral images and outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches.

A enhanced voltage control method for fair active power curtailment of rooftop PV systems in LV distribution networks

Solutions based on active power curtailment (APC) of photovoltaic inverters (PVIs) have been effectively used to alleviate overvoltages in low-voltage distribution networks (LVDNs) due to real power injection supplied by rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems. However, volt-watt control methods presently available can lead to unfair APC among the PVIs, penalizing financially customers located far away from the distribution transformer of the LVDN. This paper proposes an innovative real-time voltage control method to address the unfair APC issue in LVDNs with rooftop PV systems. The proposed method is based on a centralized control architecture to calculate two fair curtailment factors for all PVIs of the LVDN. Additionally, to explore the extended communication infrastructure brought by centralized control architecure, this paper proposes a novel simplified method to compute the voltage sensitivity matrix (VSM) for applications on unbalanced three-phase LVDNs. Perfomance tests were conducted on a set of LVDNs, evaluating the effectiveness and fairness of APC quantitatively using Jain’s Fairness Index (JFI) as a metric. The results confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed control method for mitigating the overvoltage issue, ensuring fairness by presenting average JFI values close to one (the maximum allowed value). Furthermore, in comparison to conventional VWC strategies, penalties arising from the local dependence of PVIs on APC were eliminated for both curtailment factors. Finally, an accuracy test was performed on the proposed VSM model, based on voltage estimation through the linearized model of LVDN at a specific operating point. The findings demonstrated outstanding accuracy, with an error of less than 0.2%, compared to voltage estimation via power flow.